[ˈʊm.bra], [ˈum.bra]
OrigoGenerally connected with Lithuanian unksna (“shade”), from Proto-Indo-European *wnksrā-. This term is tentatively derived from Proto-Indo-European *(H)wenk- (“to bend”); however, the semantic leaps required to go from "bend" to "shade" are large and unlikely.
Alternatively, if from Old Latin *omra, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂mr-u-, *h₂mrup-; related to Ancient Greek ἀμαυρός (amaurós, “dark”), Luwian 𒈠𒅈𒉿𒄿𒀀 (“rot”), and 𒈠𒊒𒉿𒄿 (“rotten”) (also see Hittite Maraššantiya, their name for the Kızılırmak River), and this Indo-European source is said to be a possible borrowing from a Semitic root *ḥ-m-r (“be red”), compare Arabic ح م ر (ḥ m r).
- declension-1, feminineshadow
- broadly, declension-1, feminine, figurativelyshade, shady place, shadowy place
“nudus Arboris Othrys erat nec habebat Pelion umbras” — Mount Othrys is devoid of trees; Mount Pelion does not have shade
“Umbra loco deerat: qua postquam parte resedit dis genitus vates et fila sonantia movit, umbra loco venit.” — There was no shade there; but, when the poet—born of the god—sat down and moved the strings of his lyre, shade came to that spot.
- declension-1, feminineshade, ghost, phantom, apparition
- declension-1, feminine, pluralthe realm of shades, the shades, the world below or underworld
““… vel Pater omnipotēns adigat mē fulmine ad umbrās,” — “… or the Father almighty hurl me with his thunderbolt to the shades, the pallid shades and boundless night of Erebus ….”
(That is, the Underworld, or land of the dead. The repetition is an example of
- declension-1, feminineimperfect copy or representation of something, pretence, faint appearance
“in eo te umbram luxuriae reperturum putas?” — You think you shall find even a shadow of luxury in that man?
- declension-1, feminineshelter, cover
- declension-1, feminineleisure, rest
- declension-1, femininedrumfish
Formaeumbrae(genitive) · umbra(nominative, singular) · umbrae(nominative, plural) · umbrae(genitive, singular) · umbrārum(genitive, plural) · umbrae(dative, singular) · umbrīs(dative, plural) · umbram(accusative, singular) · umbrās(accusative, plural) · umbrā(ablative, singular) · umbrīs(ablative, plural) · umbra(singular, vocative) · umbrae(plural, vocative)