From Old Georgian რვალი (rvali). * Ačaṙyan derives from earlier *რვარი (*rvari), from Old Armenian արոյր (aroyr). * According to Androniḳašvili, an Armenian borrowing would result in *არუელი, *აროელი (*arueli, *aroeli) (< *აროერი (*aroeri); for the sense of development, compare კაპოეტი (ḳaṗoeṭi)). Instead she derives from *რუალი (*ruali), from Parthian 𐫡𐫇𐫔 (rwδ /⁠rōδ⁠/) or Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lwd /⁠rōy⁠/). Bielmeier tries to overcome these phonetic problems by assuming a borrowing from Proto-Armenian *ror. In any case, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *Hrawdáh (“copper, brass”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrawdʰás.