[ˈdusɛ̂ːt]
CilmeOriginally the iterative form of dust (“to feel shortness of breath”) (still dialectally attested), from Proto-Baltic *dus-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-, *dʰūs-, *dʰwes- (“to blow”), whence also Latvian dvest (“to breathe”). The original meaning of dusēt was thus “to breathe heavily” (still visible in the related term aizdusa (“shortness of breath”)) from which “to breathe audibly” > “to breathe deeply (as in sleep)” > “to sleep”.
Cognates include Lithuanian dùsti (“to run out of breath; to choke, to stifle”), dusė́ti (“to breathe heavily; to sob”), Old Church Slavonic дꙑхати (dyxati, “to breathe, to blow”), Russian дыша́ть (dyšátʹ, “to breathe”), Belarusian ды́хаць (dýxacʹ), Ukrainian ди́хати (dýxaty), Bulgarian ди́шам (díšam), Czech dychati, Polish dychać.
- intransitive, poeticto sleep; to rest
“mierīgi, saldi dusēt” — to sleep peacefully, sweetly
“dusi saldi!” — sleep well! (lit. sweetly)
“dusošā skaistule” — sleeping beauty
- figuratively, intransitiveto be dead, to rest
“brāļu kapi... šeit dus tie, kas nolika galvu par mūsu dzimteni” — brethren cemetery... here rest those who gave (their) lives (lit. rested their heads) for our fatherland
“dusi, manu puisīt, lielajā varoņu pulkā! jūs esat krituši par nākotni, par sabiedrību, kurā karš vairs nebūtu iespējams” — sleep, dear boy, in a regiment of great heroes! you have fallen for the future, for a society in which war will no longer be possible
Formasconjugation(third-person) · dusu(present) · dusi(present) · dus(present) · dusēju(past) · es(first-person, indicative, singular) · dusu(first-person, indicative, present, singular) · dusēju(first-person, indicative, past, singular) · dusēšu(first-person, future, indicative, singular) · -(first-person, imperative, singular) · tu(indicative, second-person, singular) · dusi(indicative, present, second-person, singular) · dusēji(indicative, past, second-person, singular) · dusēsi(future, indicative, second-person, singular) · dusi(imperative, second-person, singular) · viņš(indicative, singular, third-person) · viņa(indicative, singular, third-person) · dus(indicative, present, singular, third-person) · dusēja(indicative, past, singular, third-person) · dusēs(future, indicative, singular, third-person)
Avots: Wiktionary