[rupʲʃ]
CilmeFrom an earlier adjective *rupus (yielding two parallel forms, a yo-stem form that became standard rupjš and an o-stem form that yielded the dialectal variant rups), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to pull, to tear, to break”) (whence also the adjective raupjš, q.v.). The semantic evolution was probably “to pluck, to tear (e.g., wool, feathers)” > (adj.) “uneven, harsh” (skin, after removing wool, feathers) > “coarse, harsh.” Cognates include Lithuanian rupùs, Serbo-Croatian rȕpa (“hole, pit”), Old Norse rjúfa (“to break, to tear”), rauf (“cracks, holes”), reyfi (“shorn wool; uneven, harsh skin”), Middle High German rubbelig (“uneven, harsh, coarse”), Latin rumpere (“to break”).
- coarse, rough (with elements having a relatively large cross section)
“rupja smilts, grants” — coarse sand, gravel
“rupji putraimi, milti” — coarse grits, flour
“rupjais sāls” — coarse salt
- coarse (having relatively large holes)
“rupjš siets, tīkls” — coarse sieve, net
- rough (having on its surface relatively wide, deep grooves)
“rupja vīle, rupjvīle” — rough file
- coarse, thick (having a relatively large cross-section; made of thread, yarn having a relatively large cross-section)
“rupjš diegs” — coarse, thick thread
“rupja dzija” — coarse, thick yarn
“rupja vilna” — coarse wool
- coarse, rough (composed of elements having a relatively large cross-section)
“rupja maluma milti” — rough, coarse grist flour (i.e., flour which contains chaff)
- rough, harsh, unpolished; having bumps and dents on its surface
“rokas man rupjas no darba” — my hands are harsh from work
“rupjš, pelēks papīrs” — harsh, gray paper
“rupjais apmetums” — coarse, harsh plaster
- rough, not refined, not well designed, not completed, of low quality
“šis rupjais dēļu šķirsts” — that rough, coarse wooden chest
“rupjais cirtums” — rough cutting, roughly cut surface
- coarse, hollow, low
“rupji smiekli” — coarse laughter
“rupja balss” — coarse, hollow, low voice
“rupjš, rejošs klepus” — coarse, barking cough
- rude, offensive, tactless, tough, violent; expressing such features
“Grīslis bija rupjš, nesaticīgs vīrs” — Grīslis was a rude, irritable man
“rupjš joks” — rude joke
“rupjš izteiciens” — harsh language
- usuallygross, big (which deviates strongly from the truth, from accepted norms, etc.)
“rupja kļūda” — gross, big mistake, blunder
“rupjš disciplīnas pārkāpums” — big breach of discipline
“rupjš apmelojums” — gross, shameless calumny, slander
- harsh, tough (physical, heavy and repetitive)
“rupjais darbs” — harsh, tough work
Formasrupjais(definite) · rupjāks(comparative) · visrupjākais(superlative) · rupji(adverb) · rupjš(masculine, nominative, singular) · rupji(masculine, nominative, plural) · rupja(feminine, nominative, singular) · rupjas(feminine, nominative, plural) · rupja(genitive, masculine, singular) · rupju(genitive, masculine, plural) · rupjas(feminine, genitive, singular) · rupju(feminine, genitive, plural) · rupjam(dative, masculine, singular) · rupjiem(dative, masculine, plural) · rupjai(dative, feminine, singular) · rupjām(dative, feminine, plural) · rupju(accusative, masculine, singular) · rupjus(accusative, masculine, plural) · rupju(accusative, feminine, singular) · rupjas(accusative, feminine, plural)
Avots: Wiktionary