[smaks]
CilmeFrom Proto-Baltic *smag-, from Proto-Indo-European *smog- (“such that it presses heavily; to work hard, to carry a heavy load”). The much broader range of meanings in the Lithuanian cognate was apparently also once present in its Latvian counterpart: remnants are still found in uses like smags gaiss “heavy air” = “stifling,” and, dialectally, also “fast, quick” or “intensely, a lot.” It would seem that the meaning of this word first broadened (“heavy, hard(working)” > “(to hit) heavily, hard” > “strong” > “capable, competent” > “good, nice”) and then was restricted again to “heavy.” (Alternatively, the other uses might result from Lithuanian influence.) Cognates include Lithuanian smagùs (“good, nice, pleasant; joyful, cheerful; fast, quick; strong, agile, skillful; big, intensive; sonorous; rich, well-off; severe, angry, harsh; useful, handy; heavy; stifling”), smōgti (“to hit heavily, strongly; to throw”), Ancient Greek μογέω (mogéō, “I try, strive”), σμογερόν (smogerón, “difficult, painful”).
Compare typologically Proto-Celtic *trummos (whence Irish trom) < Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (whence also Proto-Slavic *truditi, *trudъ).
- heavy (such that it has great weight, a large mass)
“smags akmens” — heavy stone
“smags spainis” — heavy bucket
“smaga krava” — heavy load
- heavy
“vienu kilogramu smags atsvars” — a one-kilo (heavy) weight
“divas tonnas smaga krava” — a two-ton (heavy) load
- heavy (larger, more important, more powerful than others of its kind)
“smagie tanki” — heavy tanks
“smagie ieroči” — heavy weapons
“smagā artilērija” — heavy artillery
- heavy (giving the appearance of greater weight, larger mass)
“debesis sedza smagi mākoņi” — heavy clouds covered the sky
“debesis bija zemas, pelēkas un smagas ka piens ar svinu” — the sky was low, gray and heavy like milk with lead
- heavy (concentrated, thick, dense, strong)
“migla bija smaga un bieza un apēda daudz gaismas” — the fog was heavy and thick and ate (= absorbed) a lot of light
“gaiss kļuva smags un spiedīgs, un drīz vien pārņēm nogurums” — the air became heavy and muggy, and soon the fatigue took over
“skurbināja smagā sveķu smarža” — the heavy resinous odor was intoxicating
- heavy, dark
“smaga tumsa” — heavy darkness
“tumši, smagi toņi” — dark, heavy hues, shades (of color)
“violetā ir smaga, nomācoša krāsa” — violet is a heavy, depressing color
- heavy (difficult to digest)
“paēdis smagas vakariņas, Vītols atstāja ēdienu izgarojumiem, piesātinātās viesnīcas koptelpas” — having eaten a heavy dinner, Vītols left the hotel commons saturated (with) meal fumes
- heavy, hard, tough, difficult (such that it needs great physical effort to be carried out)
“smags darbs” — heavy, hard, difficult work
“smags nobrauciens no kalna” — a difficult descent from the mountain
“smaga cīņa” — hard, difficult struggle
- heavy, hard, tough, difficult (such that it needs great mental or emotional effort for its realization, understanding)
“smaga mācību viela” — hard, difficult learning material
“smaga izvēle” — hard, difficult choice
“smags jautājums” — hard, difficult question
- heavy, tough, hard, severe (relating to difficulty, hardships, misery, or embarrassment, concern with some situation or event)
“smagi dzīves apstākļi” — difficult, tough living conditions
“smaga nelaime” — severe unhappiness, misery
“smaga jaunība” — difficult youth
- heavy, difficult, severe, gloomy (very unpleasant; implying, expressing suffering)
“smagas bēdas” — severe grief, sadness
“smags noskaņojums” — heavy, gloomy mood
“smaga nopūta” — heavy sigh
- heavy, serious, severe, dangerous (especially dangerous or harmful to others)
“smags likuma pārkāpējs” — a dangerous criminal (lit. heavy law breaker)
“tīša slepkavība ir viens no smagākajiem noziegumiem” — deliberate homicide is one of the most serious crimes
- heavy, serious, strict, severe, merciless
“smags tiesas spriedums” — severe, strict judgment
“smags nosodījums” — heavy punishment, penalty
“smagi pārmetumi” — serious accusations
- difficult (with whom it is difficult to communicate successfully; quarrelsome)
“biedri to uzskatīja par smagu un nebiedrisku cilvēku, jo viņš bija skarbs un mazrunīgs” — his colleagues considered him a difficult, non-social person, because he was gruff and uncommunicative
“Viktorijas raksturā ir kaut kas neizprotams un smags; Centim šķiet, ka viņai nevar uzticēties” — in Viktorija's character there is something incomprehensible and hard (= difficult to get by); it seemed to Centis that she couldn't be trusted
- heavy, serious (implying strong physical, mental or emotional pain, suffering; life-threatening)
“smags ievainojums” — heavy, serious injury
“smaga slimība” — serious illness, disease
“smaga saindēšanas” — heavy poisoning
- heavy, difficult
“Ziemelis pēkšņi pieceļas, elpa viņam, nule pamanu, kļuvusi satraukta, smaga” — Ziemelis suddenly stood up, (and) his breath, I notice, has become troubled, heavy
- heavy, difficult
“kad uzlēca saule, viņš gāja uz mājām un, nokritis dažas stundas smagā, murgu pilnā miegā, devās atkal uz skolu” — when the sun rose, he went home and, after falling into heavy, nightmare-filled sleep for a few hours, went back to school
- heavy, tired, weak
“smagi plakstiņi” — heavy eyelids
“ak, cik smagas, nogurušas kājas! vai gan brīnums? ir jau tālu iets” — oh, what heavy, tired legs! is that a wonder? it has been, after all, a long way
- heavy (characterized by lack of agility or grace; slow, difficult)
“māte turpināja iet vienmuļā, smagā gaitā” — mother continued to walk in a monotonous, heavy gait
“Gundega dzirdēja, cik žēli čīkstēja kāpnes zem Ilmas smagajiem soļiem; parasti Ilma skrēja lejup pa trepēm viegli un ātri” — Gundega heard how sadly the stars crackd under Ilma's heavy steps; usually Ilma ran upstairs easily and quickly
- heavy (difficult to follow or understand)
“smags stils” — heavy, difficult style
“smaga teikuma konstrukcija” — heavy, complex sentence construction
“viņa valoda ritēja smaga un gausa” — his language flowed heavy and sluggish
- low, low-pitched, hollow
“smags pērkoa dārdiens” — low thunder rumblings
“smagas egļu šalkas” — low, hollow rustling of spruce trees
“iedunējās baznīcas zvans; dobjas, smagas skaņas aizplūda pāri kalnam” — the church bell began tolling; the hollow, heavy sounds flowed over the hills
- heavy (very unpleasant; unpleasantly strong)
“smags negaiss” — heavy storm
“smags, mitrs vējš skrien pār sniega laukiem” — a heavy, humid wind ran over the snowy countryside
“klimats Melvilas salā smags: musoni, vasaras lietus gāzes un karstums” — the climate on Melville island (is) heavy: monsoons, summer rainstorms and heat
Formassmagais(definite) · smagāks(comparative) · vissmagākais(superlative) · smagi(adverb) · smags(masculine, nominative, singular) · smagi(masculine, nominative, plural) · smaga(feminine, nominative, singular) · smagas(feminine, nominative, plural) · smaga(genitive, masculine, singular) · smagu(genitive, masculine, plural) · smagas(feminine, genitive, singular) · smagu(feminine, genitive, plural) · smagam(dative, masculine, singular) · smagiem(dative, masculine, plural) · smagai(dative, feminine, singular) · smagām(dative, feminine, plural) · smagu(accusative, masculine, singular) · smagus(accusative, masculine, plural) · smagu(accusative, feminine, singular) · smagas(accusative, feminine, plural)