CilmeFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *tuskjas, from Proto-Indo-European *tews-, *tus- (“to empty”), from *tew-, *tu- (“to swell”) (whence also Latvian tūkt (“to swell”), q.v.).
The kš sequence suggests irregular changes: *tušjas > insertion of *k and *t > *tukšjas > tukša-. Semantic development: “swollen, bloated” → “empty inside” → “empty”.
Cognate with Lithuanian tùščias (nominative plural tušti̇̀), Old Church Slavonic тъшть (tŭštĭ, “empty”), Old East Slavic тъщь (tŭščĭ), Russian то́щий (tóščij, “weak, thin, lean”), Proto-Slavic *tъska (“emptiness”) (Russian тоска́ (toská, “anguish, tedium, longing”)), Vedic Sanskrit तुच्छ्य (tucchyá, “empty, vain”), Latin tesqua (“desert”) (< Old Latin *tuesquā), Iron Ossetian тыссӕ́г (tyssǽg, “weak, skinny, thin”).
- empty (in which nothing was put)
“tukša bļoda, pudele, soma, atvilktne” — empty bowl, bottle, bag, drawer
“tukšs grozs, maiss, spainis” — empty basket, bag, bucket
“tukša kabata” — empty pocket (colloquially, lack of money)
- empty, blank (not taken, not filled with something)
“tukšs pagrabs, plaukts” — empty cellar, shelf
“tukša malkas nojume” — empty wood shed
“tukšs sienas laukums” — empty, blank area on the wall
- unfurnished
“tukša istaba” — empty room
- empty (with nothing hanging on them)
“tukšs drēbju pakaramais” — empty clothes hanger
“tukšs vadzis” — empty peg
- empty (without panes, leaves)
“tukšas logu ailes” — empty window frames
- empty (without water)
- empty (without food)
“tukšs vēders” — empty stomach
- empty (without any writing or drawing on it)
“Ēvalds pagrieza baltajai lapiņai otru pusi, tā bija tukša” — Ēvalds turned the white page over to the other side, it was empty
- empty (without people, animals; vacant, uninhabited)
“tukša iela, šoseja, laiva” — empty street, highway, ship
“tukšs trolejbuss, vagons” — empty trolley, train car
“tukšs bišu strops” — empty beehiļve
- empty (without vegetation, without plants, without crops)
“visi tīrumi ir tukši” — all fields are empty
“zeme nekur nepaliek tukša, augi ieviešas katrā piemērotā' stūrītī” — the earth is nowere empty, plants grow in every appropriate spot
- empty (without pit, kernel, seed, more rarely without leaves)
“tukšs rieksts” — empty nut
“tukša zirņu pāksts” — empty pea pod
- empty (with strongly felt shortage or lack of food, money, goods, etc.))
“tagard ir tukškais laiks; nav ne gaļas, ne naudas” — now is the emptier (= emptiest) time: there is neither meat nor money
- empty (without harvest, produce)
“šogad manām ābelēm ir tukšais gads” — this year my apple trees are having an empty (= fruitless) year
- empty (without merchandise, goods in stock; without money)
“tukšs pārtikas veikals” — empty grocery store (i.e., without groceries)
“Prūsijas valsts kase bija tukša” — the Prussian treasury was empty
“šīs mājas ir tukšas, viss, kas te kādreiz bija, ir jau paņemts” — these houses are empty, everything that used to be here has already been taken
- empty, poor
“kur citur lai šie atstātie, tukšie, bezspēcīgie atrastu patversmi?” — where else would the abandoned, empty, powerless find shelter?
- empty, in vain (without the desired effect)
“tukši pūliņi” — empty efforts
- empty, vain, idle (without serious content, without purpose, without meaning, significance)
“tukšas runas, tukša runāšana” — empty talk, empty talking
“tukšas frāzes” — empty sentences, words
“tukšas izpriecas, cerības” — empty pleasures, hopes
- empty (without activity, uneventful)
“tukšs, bezdarbībā pavadīts laiks” — empty, idly spent time
- empty (without depth, meaningful spiritual life; frivolous)
“nožēlojami tukša dvēsele” — a miserably empty soul
“vieglprātīgas, tukšas meitenes portrets” — portrait of a frivolous, empty girl
- empty (colorless, lifeless)
“skumji tukšs skatiens” — sadly empty gaze
“lai cik skaista, bet tukša seja vienmēr būs vulgāra” — no matter how beautiful, an empty face will always be vulgar
Formastukšais(definite) · tukšāks(comparative) · vistukšākais(superlative) · tukši(adverb) · tukšs(masculine, nominative, singular) · tukši(masculine, nominative, plural) · tukša(feminine, nominative, singular) · tukšas(feminine, nominative, plural) · tukša(genitive, masculine, singular) · tukšu(genitive, masculine, plural) · tukšas(feminine, genitive, singular) · tukšu(feminine, genitive, plural) · tukšam(dative, masculine, singular) · tukšiem(dative, masculine, plural) · tukšai(dative, feminine, singular) · tukšām(dative, feminine, plural) · tukšu(accusative, masculine, singular) · tukšus(accusative, masculine, plural) · tukšu(accusative, feminine, singular) · tukšas(accusative, feminine, plural)